Tare da haɓaka fasahar hana harshen wuta don kayan kebul, sabbin nau'ikan igiyoyi masu ɗaukar wuta suna ci gaba da fitowa, suna tasowa daga ainihin igiyoyin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun zuwa ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarancin hayaki mai ƙarancin halogen da ƙarancin hayaki na halogen mara ƙarancin wuta. . Wannan yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata don igiyoyi masu hana wuta suna karuwa kuma suna karuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
A ƙasashe irin su Turai, Amurka, da Japan, waya da kebul ɗin da ba su da alaƙa da muhalli sun zama babban jigon kowane nau'in na USB. Gwamnatoci sun haramtawa amfani ko shigo da igiyoyin da ba su dace da muhalli ba. Abubuwan da ke hana wuta na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi babban adadin halogen. Lokacin konewa, za su samar da hayaki mai yawa da iskar iskar hydrogen halide mai guba mai guba. Dagewar harshen wuta mara halogen yana samuwa ne musamman a cikin polyolefins. Saboda haka, ƙananan igiyoyi marasa amfani da halogen za su zama babban yanayin ci gaba a nan gaba. Don haka, za a tattauna batun fitar da ƙananan hayaki na kebul na halogen-free daga abubuwan da ke gaba.
- Kayayyakin Extrusion
A. Babban bangaren na waya da na USB extrusion kayan aiki ne dunƙule, wanda ke da alaka da aikace-aikace kewayon da kuma samar da inganci na extruder. Don saduwa da buƙatun sarrafa filastik daban-daban, akwai nau'ikan ƙirar ƙira da yawa. Karancin hayaki mara halogen mara harshen wuta kayan kebul sun ƙunshi cikakken magnesium hydroxide ko aluminum hydroxide. Don haka, don zaɓin sukurori, ana amfani da sukurori na yau da kullun, kuma ƙimar matsawar su bai kamata ya zama babba ba, yawanci tsakanin 1: 1 da 1: 2.5 ya fi dacewa.
B. Wani muhimmin al'amari da ke shafar ƙaddamar da ƙananan hayaki na kebul na halogen-free a lokacin aikin extrusion shine na'urar sanyaya na extruder. Saboda yanayi na musamman na ƙananan hayaki-free kayan halogen, babban adadin zafi yana haifar da rikici a lokacin aikin extrusion. Wannan yana buƙatar kayan aikin extrusion yana da na'urar sanyaya mai kyau don sarrafa zafin jiki na tsari. Wannan matsala ce da ba za a yi watsi da ita ba. Idan yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, za a sami manyan pores a saman kebul ɗin; idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, jimlar kayan aiki na yau da kullun zai ƙaru, kuma kayan aikin yana da haɗari ga lalacewa. - Extrusion Molds
Saboda manyan kayan cikawa a cikin kayan kebul mara ƙarancin hayaki na halogen, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙarfin narkewa, rabon zane, da danko tsakaninsa da sauran kayan kebul a cikin narkakken jihar. Saboda haka, zaɓi na molds kuma ya bambanta. Na farko, a cikin zabin hanyoyin extrusion na molds. Don ƙaddamar da ƙananan hayaki na kebul na halogen-free kayan aiki, ƙirar ƙira don rufi ya kamata ya kasance na nau'in extrusion, kuma a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kullun, ya kamata a yi amfani da nau'in nau'i mai nau'i. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya tabbatar da ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓakawa, da ƙarewar saman kayan. Na biyu, a zabin mutu hannayen riga. Lokacin amfani da gyare-gyare na extrusion, saboda babban danko na kayan, matsa lamba a kan mutun yana da girma, kuma kayan za su fadada lokacin da ya fita daga samfurin. Saboda haka, hannun mutun ya kamata ya zama ɗan ƙarami fiye da ainihin girman. A ƙarshe, kaddarorin injina na kayan ƙarancin hayaƙi maras hayaniya ba su da fifiko kamar na kayan kebul na yau da kullun da ƙananan hayaki mai ƙarancin halogen. Matsakaicin zanensa karami ne, kawai kusan 2.5 zuwa 3.2. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar gyare-gyare, ya kamata a yi la'akari da kaddarorin zanensa. Wannan yana buƙatar zaɓi da madaidaicin hannun rigar mutu bai kamata ya zama babba ba, in ba haka ba saman kebul ɗin ba zai yi yawa ba, kuma murfin extrusion zai zama sako-sako.
Wani ƙarin batu: Ƙarfin motar babban injin ya kamata ya zama babba. Saboda ƙarancin ɗankowar kayan LSHF, rashin isasshen ƙarfi ba zai yi aiki ba.
Ɗayan rashin jituwa: Tsawon sashin gallery na ƙirar extrusion bai kamata ya yi tsayi da yawa ba, yawanci ƙasa da 1 mm. Idan ya yi tsayi da yawa, ƙarfin juzu'i zai yi girma da yawa.- Don kayan da ba su da halogen, yin amfani da dunƙule tare da ƙarancin matsawa don sarrafawa yana da kyau. (Babban rabon matsawa zai haifar da haɓakar zafi mai tsanani a ciki da wajen filastik, kuma babban adadin tsayin daka zuwa diamita zai haifar da dogon lokacin dumama don filastik.)
- Saboda ƙari mai yawa na ƙwayar wuta a cikin ƙananan kayan da ba su da hayaki na halogen, akwai matsaloli masu yawa a cikin tsarin extrusion. Ƙarfin ƙira na dunƙule a kan kayan da ba su da halogen yana da girma. Hanya mafi inganci a halin yanzu ita ce amfani da dunƙule na musamman don abubuwan da ba su da halogen.
- A lokacin extrusion, wani abu kamar fitar ido yana bayyana a wurin buɗewar mutuwa. Idan ya samu yawa sai ya makala wa wayar sai ya yi kananan barbashi, yana shafar kamanninsa. Shin kun taba cin karo da wannan? Kuna da mafita mai kyau? Hazo ne da ke haɗe da buɗewar mutuwa ta waje. Rage yawan zafin jiki na buɗewar mutuwa da daidaitawa don samun ɗan shimfiɗa kaɗan zai inganta yanayin sosai. Har ila yau, sau da yawa ina fuskantar wannan matsala kuma ban sami mafita mai mahimmanci ba. Ina zargin cewa rashin daidaituwa na kayan aikin ya haifar da shi. An ce yin amfani da abin hurawa wajen toya zai iya yin aiki, amma bai kamata zafin ya yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba za a yi lahani. Idan zazzabi na shugaban mutu ya yi girma, rage yawan zafin jiki kadan zai magance matsalar. Akwai mafita guda biyu ga wannan matsalar: 1) Yi amfani da bindigar iska don busa, zai fi dacewa da iska mai zafi; 2) Canja ƙirar ƙirar ta hanyar yin ƙaramin haɓakawa a buɗewar mutuwa. Tsawon fiɗa yawanci kusan 1 mm ne. Amma ban sani ba ko akwai masana'anta na cikin gida da za su iya yin irin waɗannan samfuran. Don matsalar haɓakawa a buɗewar mutuwa yayin fitar da kayan ƙarancin hayaƙi maras halogen, shigar da na'urar kawar da iska mai zafi a buɗewar mutuwa zai iya magance wannan matsalar. Kamfaninmu a halin yanzu yana amfani da wannan hanya, kuma tasirin yana da kyau sosai.
Ɗayan ƙarin bayani: Lokacin samar da kayan halogen mara ƙarancin hayaki, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙyalli na tubular don extrusion tubular. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a yi tsayin daka don guje wa bayyanar fitar ido-kamar adibas a wajen budewar mutuwa. - Tambaya: Lokacin samar da kayan halogen mara ƙarancin hayaƙi a halin yanzu, yanayin zafi a yanki na huɗu na ganga yana ci gaba da tashi. Bayan an ƙara saurin gudu, zafin jiki zai tashi da kimanin digiri 40, yana haifar da abu zuwa kumfa. Akwai mafita masu kyau? Don abin da ke faruwa na kumfa da ke bayyana a lokacin extrusion na ƙananan hayaki maras amfani da halogen, bisa ga bincike na al'ada: Ɗaya shi ne cewa ƙananan kayan da ba su da hayaki suna da sauƙin shafa da danshi. Kafin extrusion, yana da kyau a yi maganin bushewa; Na biyu shi ne cewa kula da zafin jiki a lokacin aikin extrusion ya kamata ya dace. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na kayan da ba su da halogen a lokacin aikin extrusion yana da girma, kuma za a haifar da zafi na yanayi tsakanin ganga da dunƙule. Ana ba da shawarar don rage yawan zafin jiki da aka saita; Uku shine dalilin ingancin kayan da kansa. Yawancin masana'antun kayan kebul suna ƙara babban adadin mai don rage farashi, yana haifar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan nauyi. Don abin da ke faruwa na kumfa da ke bayyana a lokacin extrusion na ƙananan hayaki maras amfani da halogen, bisa ga bincike na al'ada: Ɗaya shi ne cewa ƙananan kayan da ba su da hayaki suna da sauƙin shafa da danshi. Kafin extrusion, yana da kyau a yi maganin bushewa; Na biyu shi ne cewa kula da zafin jiki a lokacin aikin extrusion ya kamata ya dace. Ƙarfin ƙarfi na kayan da ba su da halogen a lokacin aikin extrusion yana da girma, kuma za a haifar da zafi na yanayi tsakanin ganga da dunƙule. Ana ba da shawarar don rage yawan zafin jiki da aka saita; Uku shine dalilin ingancin kayan da kansa. Yawancin masana'antun kayan kebul suna ƙara babban adadin mai don rage farashi, yana haifar da takamaiman abin da ya wuce kima. Idan kan dunƙule nau'in fil, zai iya samar da ƙarancin hayaki maras halogen? A'a, ƙarfin ƙarfi ya yi girma sosai, kuma za a sami duk kumfa. 1) Ƙayyade rabon matsawa na dunƙule ku da tsari da tsari a cikin yanki na huɗu, ko akwai sassan karkatarwa ko sassan juyawa. Idan haka ne, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin dunƙule. 2) Ƙayyade tsarin sanyaya a cikin yanki na huɗu. Kuna iya amfani da fanka don busa iska zuwa wannan yanki don kwantar da shi. 3) Ainihin, wannan yanayin ba shi da alaƙa da ko kayan yana shafan danshi ko a'a. Koyaya, saurin extrusion na kayan sheath marasa halogen bai kamata yayi sauri ba.
- Ya kamata a lura da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa lokacin fitar da ƙananan hayaki marasa halogen: 1) Zazzabi a lokacin extrusion shine mafi mahimmanci. Dole ne sarrafa zafin jiki ya zama daidai. Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin buƙatun zafin jiki shine tsakanin 160 - 170 digiri. Kada ya zama babba ko ƙasa da ƙasa. Idan yawan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, aluminum hydroxide ko magnesium hydroxide a cikin kayan yana da wuyar lalacewa, yana haifar da wani wuri maras kyau kuma yana rinjayar aikinsa; idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙarfin ƙarfi yana da girma sosai, ƙarfin extrusion yana da girma, kuma saman ba shi da kyau. 2) Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ƙwayar tubular extrusion mold yayin extrusion. Lokacin da ya dace da mold, ya kamata a sami wani miƙewa. A lokacin extrusion, da mandrel ya kamata ya zama 1 - 3 mm a bayan hannun mutu. Gudun extrusion bazai zama da sauri ba, kuma ya kamata a sarrafa shi tsakanin 7 - 12 m. Idan saurin ya yi sauri, ƙarfin juzu'i ya yi girma, kuma yanayin zafi yana da wuyar sarrafawa. (Ko da yake LSZH ba shi da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma ba shakka ba haka ba ne a hankali (kamar yadda Little Bird ya ambata, 7 - 12 M) Duk da haka, yana da sauri na 25 ko fiye, kuma diamita na waje yana kusan 6 MM !! )
- Yanayin zafin jiki na ƙananan hayaki-free kayan halogen zai bambanta dangane da girman extruder. Zazzaɓin zafin da na gwada tare da nau'in extruder mai nau'in 70 shine kamar haka don bayanin ku. Sashe na 1: digiri 170, Sashe na 2: digiri 180, Sashe na 3: digiri 180, Sashe na 4: digiri 185, Die shugaban: digiri 190, Idon inji: digiri 200. Matsakaicin zai iya kaiwa digiri 210. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na abin da aka ambata a sama ya kamata ya zama digiri 350, don haka ba zai rube ba. Mafi girman ma'aunin narkewa na kayan da ba shi da halogen, mafi kyawun ruwan sa kuma yana da sauƙin fitar da shi. Sabili da haka, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) screw na iya fitar da shi idan dai ruwa na kayan da ba shi da halogen ya isa sosai. (Ina so in tambaye ku ko mafi girman zafin jiki da kuka ambata shine yanayin da aka nuna ko yanayin da aka saita? Lokacin da muka yi shi, saitin zafin jiki gabaɗaya baya wuce digiri 140.) Ee, aikin hana harshen wuta zai ragu lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce. 160 digiri.
- Nasarar samarwa ta amfani da dunƙule BM tare da matsi na 3.0. Ni ma na damu da wannan. Zan iya tambayar duk masana: Me ya sa ba za a iya amfani da screws tare da babban matsi (> 1: 2.5) don samarwa ba? Ƙarfin shear ya yi girma da yawa, kuma za a sami kumfa. Kamfaninmu yana amfani da 150 don samar da ƙananan igiyoyi marasa amfani da halogen, kuma tasirin yana da kyau sosai. Muna amfani da sukurori mai zurfi da daidai, kuma zafin zafin jiki na kowane sashe yakamata a sarrafa shi da kyau, in ba haka ba kumfa ko tsoffin matsalolin manne zasu faru. Duk da haka, yana da matukar damuwa. Kowane lokaci, dunƙule da ɗigon ruwa suna buƙatar canza su, kuma matsa lamba a cikin ganga da kan mutun shima babba ne.
- Ina tsammanin yana da kyau kada a zubar da ruwa a lokacin extrusion don ba da damar zurfafa dangi a cikin radial shugabanci kuma kada ku kasance mai saurin fashewa.
- Koyaya, ya kamata a ba da hankali don hana faɗaɗa kayan aiki a buɗewar ciyarwa.
- Kamfaninmu ya yi amfani da kayan da ba su da halogen na yau da kullun a da, waɗanda ke da saurin yin fari. Yanzu muna amfani da kayan GE, waɗanda suka fi tsada amma ba su da matsalar fari. Ina so in tambaya ko kayan ku marasa halogen suna da matsalar fari?
- Saboda ƙari mai yawa na ƙwayar wuta a cikin ƙananan kayan da ba su da hayaki na halogen, wannan shine babban dalilin da ya sa ba za a iya ƙara saurin gudu ba, yana haifar da matsala mai yawa a cikin tsarin extrusion. A lokacin extrusion, wani abu kamar fitar ido yana bayyana a wurin buɗewar mutuwa. Idan ya samu yawa sai ya makala wa wayar sai ya yi kananan barbashi, yana shafar kamanninsa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana iya gasa shi da hurawa. Yanayin zafin jiki bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba za a lalata rufin. Wannan shine wurin sarrafawa mafi wahala a cikin tsari. Don kayan da ba su da halogen, ta yin amfani da ƙarancin matsawa-rabo da ɓatanci don sarrafawa ba shi da matsala dangane da saurin sarrafawa. Daga hangen nesa na ƙananan kayan injin extrusion (tare da diamita na 100 mm ko žasa) da kuma extrusion na ƙananan hayaki-free wayoyi ta amfani da vinyl acetate copolymer a matsayin tushe abu, bayyanar da aikin ba su da tasiri sosai lokacin amfani da talakawa. PVC sukurori da musamman sukurori don ƙananan hayaki-free kayan halogen don samarwa. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ke shafar aikin extrusion da bayyanar har yanzu sune ƙira da ƙima iri-iri na retardants na harshen wuta, sauran kayan cikawa, da kayan tushe. Lokacin amfani da PVC da PE abu extrusion sukurori don samar da low-hayaki halogen-free kayan, saboda da high danko na irin wannan kayan, da matsawa rabo na talakawa PVC abu extrusion sukurori ne game da 2.5 - 3.0. Idan ana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halogen masu ƙarancin hayaki, yayin aiwatar da aikin haɓakawa, tasirin haɗuwa a cikin dunƙule ba zai kai ga mafi kyawun lokacin lokacin da kayan ya tsaya a cikin dunƙule ba, kuma kayan zai bi da bangon ciki na ganga, yana haifar da ƙarancin fitarwa na manne, rashin iyawa don haɓaka saurin extrusion, kuma a lokaci guda yana haɓaka nauyin motar. Saboda haka, ba shi da kyau a yi amfani da su. Idan ana aiwatar da samar da taro, yana da kyau a yi amfani da dunƙule na musamman tare da ƙarancin matsawa. Ana ba da shawarar cewa rabon matsawa ya kasance ƙasa da 1.8: 1. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin motar kuma ana buƙatar zaɓin inverter mai dacewa don cimma sakamako mafi kyau na extrusion da aikin waya.
- Matsalolin gaba ɗaya na ƙarancin hayaki maras halogen sune: 1) Akwai pores a cikin samfurin da aka fitar; 2) Ƙarshen saman ba shi da kyau; 3) Sakamakon manne kadan ne; 4) The frictional zafi na dunƙule ne babba.
- Lokacin extruding halogen-free low-shan hayaki retardant kayan, tun da yawan zafin jiki ba zai iya zama ma high, danko na kayan ne high. Ya kamata a zaɓi dunƙule injin extrusion a matsayin 20/1, kuma rabon matsawa bai kamata ya fi 2.5 ba. Saboda babban ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓakar zafin jiki na yanayi yana da girma. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwa don kwantar da dunƙule. Yin burodi tare da hurawa a kan ƙananan wuta ya fi tasiri ga fitar da ido a wurin buɗewar mutu kuma ba zai karya rufin ba.
- Neman taimako don rabon ƙananan hayaki na halogen-free extrusion molds. Matsakaicin zane shine 1.8 - 2.5, ƙimar ma'auni shine 0.95 - 1.05. Matsakaicin zane ya ɗan ƙarami fiye da na PVC. Yi ƙoƙarin yin mold ɗin da ya dace da shi! Matsakaicin zane yana kusan 1.5. Mandarin baya buƙatar ɗaukar waya. Yi amfani da hanyar semi-extrusion. Yanayin zafin ruwa na tankin ruwa na farko shine 70 - 80 °. Sannan ana amfani da sanyaya iska, sannan a karshe ana sanyaya ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-12-2024